Cities such as New York, Almere and Melbourne where once created behind a drawing table and delivered in a new condition, according to the master-plan. Yet from the moment that people started to occupy these places, the design has changed with substantial additions and alterations. Can architects and city-planners anticipate unplanned activities, contributions from citizens, along with changing political, economic and cultural conditions? The International New Town Institute (INTI) situated in the young Dutch town of Almere, conducts research into the development of new towns. In The Planned versus The Unplanned the institute searches for the relationships between planned and un-planned cities.
